[Dataset] dartmouth/wardriving (v. 2006-06-02)

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the initial version

@MISC{dartmouth-wardriving-2006-06-02,
  author = {Minkyong Kim and Jeffrey J. Fielding and David Kotz},
  title = {{CRAWDAD} data set dartmouth/wardriving (v. 2006-06-02)}, 
  howpublished = {Downloaded from http://crawdad.cs.dartmouth.edu/dartmouth/wardriving},
  month = jun,  
  year = 2006
}
					

The authors collected the dataset through war driving, i.e., collecting Wi-Fi beacons by driving or walking around Dartmouth Campus, to understand the effect of using estimated AP locations.

"As researchers have started using data collected by war driving 
for applications such as localization, it is important to understand the errors 
in war-driving data. Given the actual AP locations on Dartmouth College campus, 
we performed war driving on the campus and obtained the estimated AP locations." 
[kim-wardriving]

"We believe that the Dartmouth college campus is an ideal place to perform 
this study. First, Dartmouth has wireless coverage almost everywhere on the campus. 
Second, all APs on the campus are centrally administrated. Thus, it is relatively 
straightforward to obtain information about these APs. 
Third, information about the location of APs is up-to-date since the college has 
recently replaced all of our APs and recorded detailed location data." 
[kim-wardriving]

On Dartmouth campus, "all APs share the same SSID, allowing wireless clients 
to roam seamlessly between APs. On the other hand, a building's APs are 
connected to the building's existing subnet." [henderson-voice]

"War driving is the process of collecting Wi-Fi beacons 
by driving or walking through a town, to discover and map 
the location of APs.  Because war driving is easy and can 
be performed by anybody with a wireless card, a GPS receiver, 
and war-driving software, it is an effective way of collecting 
AP location information." [kim-wardriving]

Every MAC address, non-Dartmouth SSID, and AP names 
have been anonymiazed.

[Traceset] dartmouth/wardriving/placelab (v. 2006-06-02)

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the initial version

@MISC{dartmouth-wardriving-placelab-2006-06-02,
  author = {Minkyong Kim and Jeffrey J. Fielding and David Kotz},
  title = {{CRAWDAD} trace set dartmouth/wardriving/placelab (v. 2006-06-02)}, 
  howpublished = {Downloaded from http://crawdad.cs.dartmouth.edu/dartmouth/wardriving/placelab},
  month = jun,  
  year = 2006
}
					

Place Lab traceset collected on Dartmouth Campus for analyzing the errors in location estimates

"We used a Linux laptop and a Cisco Aironet 350 
wireless card, which supports 802.11b. The laptop ran the Place Lab 
stumbler 2.0 to collect beacons from APs. We also carried 
a GPS device, Garmin etrex, attached to the laptop." [kim-wardriving]

Every MAC address, non-Dartmouth SSID, and AP names 
have been anonymiazed.

To anonymize the MAC address, we randomized the bottom six hex digits. 
We collected every MAC address from all of our syslog, SNMP, an tcpdump traces, 
and built a huge table mapping real MACs to randomized MACs, ensuring 
that all mappings are unique.  

Each access point name has been blinded in the form: AcadBldg10AP3 
where this indicates the third AP in the tenth building of type 'Academic.' 
The building types are Adm (Admin), Ath (Athletic),  Lib (Library), Oth 
(Other - mainly sysadmin test Aps), Res (Residential) and Soc (Social). 

We also anonymize every SSID of Non Dartmouth APs by mapping distinct SSIDs 
to NonDartmouth1, NonDartmouth2, and so on.

[Trace] dartmouth/wardriving/placelab/warwalk (v. 2006-06-02)

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the initial version

@MISC{dartmouth-wardriving-placelab-warwalk-2006-06-02,
  author = {Minkyong Kim and Jeffrey J. Fielding and David Kotz},
  title = {{CRAWDAD} trace dartmouth/wardriving/placelab/warwalk (v. 2006-06-02)}, 
  howpublished = {Downloaded from http://crawdad.cs.dartmouth.edu/dartmouth/wardriving/placelab/warwalk},
  month = jun,  
  year = 2006
}
					

Place Lab traceset collected from war walking on Dartmouth College campus.

"We walked around the main parts of the campus 
to cover the areas that cars cannot reach. We collected war-walking data 
for about 200 minutes. Because both war driving and war walking use GPS 
readings to locate the position of the recorder, we had to stay outdoors. 
To get signals from as many APs as possible and also not to bias the APlocation
estimates towards one direction, we walked around each building and tried to
stay close to it as long as we had GPS signal reception. Unfortunately, 
we often encountered obstructions - such as trees, outside structures, and 
construction vehicles - that prevented us from walking close to buildings." 
[kim-wardriving]

All files are in the Place Lab log format. 
(For documentation on the log format and tools 
that can parse them, visit http://www.placelab.org )

[Trace] dartmouth/wardriving/placelab/wardrive (v. 2006-06-02)

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the initial version

@MISC{dartmouth-wardriving-placelab-wardrive-2006-06-02,
  author = {Minkyong Kim and Jeffrey J. Fielding and David Kotz},
  title = {{CRAWDAD} trace dartmouth/wardriving/placelab/wardrive (v. 2006-06-02)}, 
  howpublished = {Downloaded from http://crawdad.cs.dartmouth.edu/dartmouth/wardriving/placelab/wardrive},
  month = jun,  
  year = 2006
}
					

Place Lab traceset collected from war driving on Dartmouth College campus

"We drove around the campus with these devices at a speed of 
10 miles/hour or less to allow the wireless card enough time 
to pick up beacons. Our war driving lasted about 80 minutes. 
Since we could not drive close to many buildings, we decided 
to augment the war-driving data with war walking." [kim-wardriving]

All files are in the Place Lab log format. 
(For documentation on the log format and tools 
that can parse them, visit http://www.placelab.org )

[Trace] dartmouth/wardriving/placelab/aplocations (v. 2006-06-02)

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the initial version

@MISC{dartmouth-wardriving-placelab-aplocations-2006-06-02,
  author = {Minkyong Kim and Jeffrey J. Fielding and David Kotz},
  title = {{CRAWDAD} trace dartmouth/wardriving/placelab/aplocations (v. 2006-06-02)}, 
  howpublished = {Downloaded from http://crawdad.cs.dartmouth.edu/dartmouth/wardriving/placelab/aplocations},
  month = jun,  
  year = 2006
}
					

A comma-separated list of most of the APs on campus and their locations, as defined in latitude and longitude.

Each AP location (at each line) consists of 
Anonymized MAC address, Anonymized AP name, Latitude, and Longitude. 
(Some APs' actual locations were unknown, i.e., latitude and longitude
are missing in some lines.)

[Author] Minkyong Kim

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[Author] Jeffrey J. Fielding

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[Author] David Kotz

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[Paper] kim-wardriving

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Many pervasive-computing applications depend on knowledge of user location. 
Because most current location-sensing techniques work only either indoors or 
outdoors, researchers have started using 802.11 beacon frames from access 
points (APs) to provide broader coverage. To use 802.11 beacons, they need to 
know AP locations. Because the actual locations are often unavailable, they use 
estimated locations from \emphwar driving. But these estimated locations may be 
different from actual locations. In this paper, we analyzed the errors in these 
estimates and the effect of these errors on other applications that depend on 
them. We found that the estimated AP locations have a median error of 
35 meters. We considered the error in tracking user positions both indoors and 
outdoors. Using actual AP locations, we could improve the accuracy as much as 
72\% for indoors and 42\% for outdoors. We also analyzed the effect of using 
estimated AP locations in computing AP coverage range and estimating 
interference among APs. The coverage range appeared to be shorter and the 
interference appeared to be more severe than in reality.